Fresh claims and further submissions rely on new or previously unconsidered material that materially affects the risk assessment. Country experts provide update reports addressing changed conditions since the last decision — security deterioration, new country guidance, changed personal circumstances, or updated CPIN material the previous decision did not address.
Source currency is critical for fresh claims. Adam Pipe 2025 and tribunal practice require dated primary sources demonstrating awareness of conditions at the date of the report. An expert report citing conditions from two years ago will carry little weight in a fresh claim relying on changed circumstances.
Update reports should clearly identify what has changed since the previous decision, which sources document the change, and how the change affects the appellant's specific risk profile. Generic country deterioration without profile-specific application is unlikely to satisfy the fresh claim threshold.